Method for preserving gloss in paint film



METHOD FOR PRESERVING GLOSS IN PAINT FILM Filed March 8, 1957 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 awww?" l Mnumce' l/AN Loo Msn/vm W. B11-rek @j/fw May 12, 1959 M. VAN Loo ETAL 2,886,456

METHOD FOR PRESERVING @Loss 1N PAINT FILM Filed March 8, 1957 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 F19. E Mauzlr VAN [.oo

VERNER M/ BH'TBR m www May 12, 1959 M. VAN Loo ET AL 2,886,456

METHOD FOR PRESERVING GLOSS IN PAINT FILM Filed March 8, 1957 4 Sheets-Sheet .'5

Contact Angle: House Point O Hours lHour 2 Hours 3 Hours 5 Hours 5.5 Hours 6 Hours 6.5 Hours 7 Hours 8 Hpurs 32 Hours MAURICE VAN Loo VERNER IM BrrTER me/Mm May 12, 1959 M. VAN Loo ETAL 2,886,456

METHOD FOR PREsERvING GLoss/ 1N PAINT FILM Filed March 8, 1957 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 STD.

23R/'Q No FLAT-rms SD No FLATTING NO F LATTING NO FLATTING NO FLATTING NO FLATTING OHR IHR 2HR 3HR 4HR 5HR GHR 7HR NO FLATTING NO FLATTING INVENTORS la/f@ medew the. general formula:

wherein R is an. alkyl. group containing from 5 to 14 carbon'atoms, and M is au alkali' metal, forY example, sodium, .potassium or lithium, or ammonium.

Specific examples of sulphonates of succinic acid esters, therefore, include the following compounds: diarnyl sodium sulphofsuccinate di-hexyl sodium supho-succinate, difcyclohexyl sodium sulpho-succinate, di-(methyl cyclohexyli)` sodium sulpho-succinate, di-heptyl potassium sulphofsuccinate, di-(n-octyl) sodium sulpho-succinate,

difLnfoctyl) potassium sulpho-succinate, di-(n-octyl') aliphatic and cycloaliphaticdi-esters are preferred,v and best-results arel obtained` with those aliphatic di-esters containing from` to l5 carbon atoms inthe aliphatic' group. For. the purposesA ofthis invention, cycloaliphatie radiclesareregarded as encompassed in the broader term aliphatic The amount of sulpho-su'ccinate used inA the coating compositions inh accordance withthe process. ofethis Yinvention is critical@ byI weight orlessV based on the weight of the-coating composition toV be treated isinsujcient to give the protection necessary. TheY minimumamountV whichhasbeen found byl prolongedv study l is 0'.5.%:by-weight plusorvminus a few lQOths-ofapercent; 'IheImaxim um amount-which can be toleratedpwithout ydestruction of desirable 'hlm characteristics, egg, water insensitivity,I isabout- 1.75%. n

-A convenient methodsfor definingv the coating compo-r sitions in whichimprovement can, be effected byv the method ofthis invention is in terms of thepigment volumeconcentration andthe critical pigment volume concentration@ The concepts of BVC vand CPVC are caref fu1ly-explainedin the articleY entitled Critical Pigment Volume Relationships by W. K. Asbeck and'Maurifee VallfLOQ-t. Industrial -'& Esineering- Chemistry, v01. 41, pa'ge.14f7i)1,1ulyf 1949; Anapparatus;suitableforuse in determining'-theV CPV-G of a 'system is described; and claimed-'in-thepatentfto- W. K, Asbeck, 2,751,782.' In general,I a glossy system exists when the PVC' is` less than the In Yotherwords, theamount of,pigrnentin relationtothem amount o f "pigment plus b inde'rmisy such that-there isan excess of binder over that which would berequiredto satisfy the binder; requirements ofAY the individuallparticlesito produce a continuous film., Thus, these termsfare not limited to any particularbinder sys-V t'em, that is, then systems Acontemplated by this inventioninclude any-of the ordinary coatings vehicle systems, such as,"oilmodied alkyds, for`r example, a linseed oil-modi# ed glyceryl phthalate resin, the styrenated oils and alkyds, `or a straight vegetable. .oilbinden-eg., linseed oil, dehydrated castor oil, tung oil, etc., or a lacquer system utilizing nitrocellulose as the principal binder material. In any of these systems where the PVC is less than the CPVC, the film will be glossy providing, of course, other surface disturbing factors are not present,` as for eliample, in wrinkle nishes., Of course, the gloss@ of even a wrinkling caul be further cut by theI phenomena herein described and hence there is advantageI the-case of wrinkling coatingcom-- to be gained even in positionsI bythe method of this. invention. The resultsi are not, however, so pronounced.

Referringnow tothe drawings, Fig. 4 is. aV series of bar graphs representingl three tests on a particular paint system. The bar graphs represent-drying time, the regular intervals representing hours. The shaded area represents the period during which exposure. to condensable moisture will causeV iattingy in the dried l'm. The heavy vertical linein eachoff'the-bargraphs, indicates the setto-touoh time fortheparti'cular composition under corrsideration. The uppermost: bar` graph in each of these series represents a-vstand'ard untreated coating composition. The succeeding bar graphs represent the. samecoat'h ingcom-positiontreated* with the` indicated: percentages o a sulpho-succinate; If-=` there is no: shaded areainaK4 givenexample, then no iiatting is observed.

'They laboratory procedureA byI whi`ch^- thebariA graphs were,A obtained was asfoll'ows;

Example-1` Ilhefequipmennconsistedof a microscope,V an aluminum panelfand a-rubber. hollow tubes The test lmof. paint waag-drawn down -.upon :the aluminum .panel `at a.thick ness of; 0.0Q5finch.V Utilizing as-.anexample almof blown linse'ed-r oil; plus driers, the* following example ,wille serve. to illustrateV the procedure. employed. in.. all.-cases.v The clear Y b lQWn. linseed oil` varnish` and drier. composition was drawndown uponV the/aluminumpanel, and allowed toI partially-.dry under normal conditions offtemperature and humidity. 1.5 hours after drawing. down` the. film, the, panel-. was placedA on` aJ base plate previously cooled i irr-adeepfreeze Iandutheoperator breathed throughr the tube ontdaportionof. the coldfilm. This caused.I an in mgelgatef.fegging;v After applicationtof, the. moisture, there; was; almost` immediate; recovery. There 1 was no. evidence ;ordiniidistortion.`

The p .rccedurew repeated at :the endofZ hoursirand thje recoveryfwas the.- samev as before; ,the-'film'. continuing its dryingqunder normal' conditions.

'Thefglifhour;exposure-produced a very definite fogged arearonwthe: pDrtionexposed to; breath. Y Small diamond like dnopletsf were; observedA through'v thef microscope: There was a completegrecovery afterf4 minutes air-drying. Theses. diamond` shaped droplets evaporated, leaving `no pennanennlm-.distortiom The threer-hour exposuref-tofbreath'produced the-:chari acteris'ti'c yilrnpatterne A- small pin-point wrinkle 'and cellifpatternawasf setgupg. However, the.- recovered completely: At;` f the f. 3 .f5r hour exposure, the set-twuch timerwasfr reached;` In :thisi particularl case, Yat the set-.tof touclrrtimeg: theaoperators vsawy thefactual phenomena of halting occurring;- Thefwater dropletsfwereformed and laterzfevaporated',-` leaving behind the; characteristic-,im dentationsiorscratersrwhichf produced thefatting:

The.: 5thY.hour-exposuref.` again: produced:t a` continuous sheath o` moisture-Landlno-V film of distortion". was pxc`` duced?l Two additional oils;l namely, rawf-'linseedandf heat bodied@ linseed; oil; performed in; asimilarinanner.;

Example. 2

I Following-the samefprocedureas Aset "forthein Example l; above; and=-takingfreadings everyf3'07minutesg the liar graph illustrated in Fig. 4 was obtained. The coating assauts 'composition tilied for the Vthree testsirepresented in Fig. v4was as-follows; 2 if 41- vA paint having the vforegoing 'formulation was tested at the following concentrations: I K' yd i-oetyl sodium sulpho-succinate .5% di`octy1 sodium sulpho-succinate y 1% di-octyl sodiumsulpho-succinatek f (Percentages are by weight) i '-As willbefobs'erved'from the bar riod during which attingis observedy in the viinal lm'is between 2and 5 hours after lapplication and exposure' to air. The set-to-touch time for the standardis 3.5 hours. At rthe .5 and 1% concentrations of the di-octyl sodium sulpho-succinate, no flattingwas observed. It is interesting to note that the set-to-touch time has been advanced about-30 minutes in each case.

Example 3 f' Followingthe same procedure as l'given in Examples 1 and 2 above, the following coating composition was simy ilarly'treated and tested:

Water ground mica 65 'Tale 172 Reduced titanium dioxide 175 Anatase titanium dioxide 100 'Leaded zinc oxide n 345 Bodied linseed oil A182 Raw linseed oil 248 Lead naphthenate (10%) 13 Manganese linoleate (2%) 4 Mineral spirits 112 Referring now to Fig. 5, the bar graphs show the results at the following concentrations of di-octyl sodium sulphosuccinate: 0%, 1% and 2%. With the standard or blank sample, the material showed sensitivity to moisture between and 8.5 hours. The set-to-touch time was 6.5 hours. At both the 1% and 2% concentrations of the sulpho-succinate, no atting was observed. 'Ihe set-totouch time was slightly over 5 hours in the 1% addition and slightly under 7 hours at the 2% addition.

Example 4 The series of Example 3 above was repeated changing the di-octyl sodium sulpho-succinate to the dihexyl sodium sulpho-succinate. The results obtained in this case were substantially the same as with the di-octyl derivative.

Example 5 The bar graphs of Fig. 6 were obtained utilizing a composition having the following formulation:

Pounds Ferrie ferrocyanide 100 Rutile titanium dioxide 32 Talc 40 Litharge 6 Linseed soya glyceryl phthalate 440 Linseed soya pentaerythritol phthalate 95 Mineral spirits 137 Calcium naphthenate (4%) 4 Lead naphthenate (10%) 30 Manganese naphthenate (2%) 7 Cobalt (2%) 3.5

. 'Ihis composition ywas ltested as a blank, witha 0.751% di-octyl sodium ,sulpho-succinate and 1.5% of thesame agent. It, will be observed from the bary graphs thatv fthe kstandard was subject toflattingbetween the second and fourth hour 'after application upon air drying. The setto-touch timeI was three hours. When the coating composition had been modified withthe sulphofsuccinate, no

-flatting wasobserved. 'In each case the set-toftouch time advanced by 30 minutes.

l j Example 6 t The coating composition ofy Example Sabove was again testedl with similarrram'ounts of di-(cyclohexyl)V sodium sulphosuccinate in the amounts-of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2% by Weight. In this casethe .set-to-touch time advanced .30 minutes for each addition over the standard. l Nodiatting was observed during any portion of the drying period although at the higher, concentration,` .the d n'edytlm y showed a slight water sensitivity.4

l l Example 7: v y i The fbar graphs ofl Fig.` 7v were obtained using the following paint formulation. This compositionis an enamel.

` y y 'Pounds Calcium lstearate l L 3 Rutile 'titanium dioxide .j. 285 Reduced titanium dioxide v5'5 Soya glyceryl phthalate 328 Soya pentaerythrtol phthalate 219 Mineral spirits 124 Calcium octoate (4%) v15 Cobalt octoate (6%) 4 So'ya lecithin 4 Methyl ethyl ketoxime 3.5

As shown in the bar graphs of Fig. 7, kthe standard shows sensitivity tol moisture in the period of 2.25 hours and 3.5 hours after application.- The set-to-touchtime I for the standard is 3 hours. With the addition ofi .5%

di-octyl sodium sulpho-succinate and 75% of the same material, no flatting is observed at any point during the drying time and the set-to-touch time is advanced to 2 hours.

Example 8 The coating composition used in Example 7 above was retreated and tested with .5% and 1% weight of di-(4- isoamyl hexahydrobenzyl) sodium ysulpho-succinate. No atting was observed during the drying period when the wet tilm was exposed to moisture.

Example 9 As an example of the application of this invention to a lacquer, the following lacquer composition was tested in the same manner as given for the previous examples:

Pounds Carbon black Nitrocellulose (1A second) 125 Maleic rosin ester (7% maleic anhydride on the rosin esteried with pentaerythritol) 40 Tricresyl phosphate 10 Difbutyl phthalate 20 Blown castor oil 35 Methyl amyl acetate 25 Isopropyl acetate Butyl alcohol 30 Ethyl alcohol (anhydrous) 10 Isopropyl alcohol 40 Commercial octane 60 Toluene n-Propyl acetate 75 The foregoing black lacquer is a very fast drying composition and the observations made in the manner of the previous examples had to be made very rapidly in order to detect the time when the film was permanently afr,'7 t8 ifiated byfcnle'nsedi moisture. i A composition lcorre- T2. .fmethod:innaccordancorwithclaim 1 in whchthlc snding to that--givn bovefwhentreatdlwith :5% by di-ester is a cycloaliphatic hydrocaxbondiysten s wght" 'of'dioc'ti'l 'sul'ph'o'succinateiY s'howodjno method in accordance with claim 1 in which tho 

1. THE METHOD OF PREVENTING FLATTING OF PARTIALLY DRY GLOSSY AIR DRYING ESSENTIALLY ANHYDROUS SOLID FILM-FORMING COATINGS BY DROPLETS OF WATER CONDENSED FROM THE AMBIENT ATMOSPHERE COMPRISING ADDING TO AN AIR DRYING ANHYDROUS COATING COMPOSITION HAVING A PVC LESS THAN THE CPVC FOR THE SYSTEM FROM ABOUT 0.5% TO ABOUT 2% BY WEIGHT OF THE COATING COMPOSITION OF A WATER-SOLUBLE SULPHONATE OF DI-SATURATED ALIPHATIC HYDROCARBON ESTER OF SUCCINIC ACID IN WHICH THE ALIPHATIC GROUP CONTAINS FROM 5 TO 15 CARBON ATOMS. 